RFC Abstracts
RFC4617 - A Uniform Resource Name (URN) Formal Namespace for the Latvian National Government Integration Project
This document describes a Uniform Resource Name (URN) namespace that is engineered by a consortium (general contractor, Olimps LTD, and subcontractors, ABC software LTD, Microsoft Latvia LTD, Riga Internet eXchange (RIX) Technologies LTD, and Microlink LTD) for naming information resources published and produced by the Latvian National Government Integration Project (Latvian abbreviation IVIS). This memo provides information for the Internet community.
RFC4616 - The PLAIN Simple Authentication and Security Layer (SASL) Mechanism
This document defines a simple clear-text user/password Simple Authentication and Security Layer (SASL) mechanism called the PLAIN mechanism. The PLAIN mechanism is intended to be used, in combination with data confidentiality services provided by a lower layer, in protocols that lack a simple password authentication command. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
RFC4615 - The Advanced Encryption Standard-Cipher-based Message Authentication Code-Pseudo-Random Function-128 (AES-CMAC-PRF-128) Algorithm for the Internet Key Exchange Protocol (IKE)
Some implementations of IP Security (IPsec) may want to use a pseudo-random function (PRF) based on the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). This memo describes such an algorithm, called AES-CMAC-PRF-128. It supports fixed and variable key sizes. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
RFC4614 - A Roadmap for Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Specification Documents
This document contains a "roadmap" to the Requests for Comments (RFC) documents relating to the Internet's Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). This roadmap provides a brief summary of the documents defining TCP and various TCP extensions that have accumulated in the RFC series. This serves as a guide and quick reference for both TCP implementers and other parties who desire information contained in the TCP-related RFCs. This memo provides information for the Internet community.
RFC4613 - Media Type Registrations for Downloadable Sounds for Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI)
This document serves to register a media type for Downloadable Sounds. This memo provides information for the Internet community.
RFC4612 - Real-Time Facsimile (T.38) - audio/t38 MIME Sub-type Registration
This document defines the MIME sub-type audio/t38. The usage of this MIME type, which is intended for use within Session Description Protocol (SDP), is specified within ITU-T Recommendation T.38. This memo defines a Historic Document for the Internet community.
RFC4611 - Multicast Source Discovery Protocol (MSDP) Deployment Scenarios
This document describes best current practices for intra-domain and inter-domain deployment of the Multicast Source Discovery Protocol (MSDP) in conjunction with Protocol Independent Multicast Sparse Mode (PIM-SM). This document specifies an Internet Best Current Practices for the Internet Community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements.
RFC4610 - Anycast-RP Using Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM)
This specification allows Anycast-RP (Rendezvous Point) to be used inside a domain that runs Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) only. Other multicast protocols (such as Multicast Source Discovery Protocol (MSDP), which has been used traditionally to solve this problem) are not required to support Anycast-RP. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
RFC4609 - Protocol Independent Multicast - Sparse Mode (PIM-SM) Multicast Routing Security Issues and Enhancements
This memo describes security threats for the larger (intra-domain or inter-domain) multicast routing infrastructures. Only Protocol Independent Multicast - Sparse Mode (PIM-SM) is analyzed, in its three main operational modes: the traditional Any-Source Multicast (ASM) model, the source-specific multicast (SSM) model, and the ASM model enhanced by the Embedded Rendezvous Point (Embedded-RP) group-to-RP mapping mechanism. This memo also describes enhancements to the protocol operations that mitigate the identified threats. This memo provides information for the Internet community.
RFC4608 - Source-Specific Protocol Independent Multicast in 232/8
IP Multicast group addresses in the 232/8 (232.0.0.0 to 232.255.255.255) range are designated as source-specific multicast destination addresses and are reserved for use by source-specific multicast applications and protocols. This document defines operational recommendations to ensure source-specific behavior within the 232/8 range. This document specifies an Internet Best Current Practices for the Internet Community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements.
RFC4607 - Source-Specific Multicast for IP
IP version 4 (IPv4) addresses in the 232/8 (232.0.0.0 to 232.255.255.255) range are designated as source-specific multicast (SSM) destination addresses and are reserved for use by source-specific applications and protocols. For IP version 6 (IPv6), the address prefix FF3x::/32 is reserved for source-specific multicast use. This document defines an extension to the Internet network service that applies to datagrams sent to SSM addresses and defines the host and router requirements to support this extension. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
RFC4606 - Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) Extensions for Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) and Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) Control
This document provides minor clarification to RFC 3946.
RFC4605 - Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) / Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD)-Based Multicast Forwarding ("IGMP/MLD Proxying")
In certain topologies, it is not necessary to run a multicast routing protocol. It is sufficient for a device to learn and proxy group membership information and simply forward multicast packets based upon that information. This document describes a mechanism for forwarding based solely upon Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) or Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) membership information. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
RFC4604 - Using Internet Group Management Protocol Version 3 (IGMPv3) and Multicast Listener Discovery Protocol Version 2 (MLDv2) for Source-Specific Multicast
The Internet Group Management Protocol Version 3 (IGMPv3) and the Multicast Listener Discovery Protocol Version 2 (MLDv2) are protocols that allow a host to inform its neighboring routers of its desire to receive IPv4 and IPv6 multicast transmissions, respectively. Source-specific multicast (SSM) is a form of multicast in which a receiver is required to specify both the network-layer address of the source and the multicast destination address in order to receive the multicast transmission. This document defines the notion of an "SSM-aware" router and host, and clarifies and (in some cases) modifies the behavior of IGMPv3 and MLDv2 on SSM-aware routers and hosts to accommodate source-specific multicast. This document updates the IGMPv3 and MLDv2 specifications. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
RFC4603 - Additional Values for the NAS-Port-Type Attribute
This document defines a set of values for the NAS-Port-Type RADIUS Attribute. This memo provides information for the Internet community.
RFC4602 - Protocol Independent Multicast - Sparse Mode (PIM-SM) IETF Proposed Standard Requirements Analysis
This document provides supporting documentation to advance the Protocol Independent Multicast - Sparse Mode (PIM-SM) routing protocol from IETF Experimental status to Proposed Standard. This memo provides information for the Internet community.
RFC4601 - Protocol Independent Multicast - Sparse Mode (PIM-SM): Protocol Specification (Revised)
This document specifies Protocol Independent Multicast - Sparse Mode (PIM-SM). PIM-SM is a multicast routing protocol that can use the underlying unicast routing information base or a separate multicast-capable routing information base. It builds unidirectional shared trees rooted at a Rendezvous Point (RP) per group, and optionally creates shortest-path trees per source.
RFC4598 - Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) Payload Format for Enhanced AC-3 (E-AC-3) Audio
This document describes a Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) payload format for transporting Enhanced AC-3 (E-AC-3) encoded audio data. E-AC-3 is a high-quality, multichannel audio coding format and is an extension of the AC-3 audio coding format, which is used in US High-Definition Television (HDTV), DVD, cable and satellite television, and other media. E-AC-3 is an optional audio format in US and world wide digital television and high-definition DVD formats. The RTP payload format as presented in this document includes support for data fragmentation. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
RFC4597 - Conferencing Scenarios
This document describes multimedia conferencing scenarios. It describes both basic and advanced conferencing scenarios involving voice, video, text, and interactive text sessions. These scenarios will help with the definition and evaluation of the protocols being developed in the centralized conferencing XCON working group. This memo provides information for the Internet community.
RFC4596 - Guidelines for Usage of the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Caller Preferences Extension
This document contains guidelines for usage of the Caller Preferences Extension to the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). It demonstrates the benefits of caller preferences with specific example applications, provides use cases to show proper operation, provides guidance on the applicability of the registered feature tags, and describes a straightforward implementation of the preference and capability matching algorithm specified in Section 7.2 of RFC 3841. This memo provides information for the Internet community.
RFC4595 - Use of IKEv2 in the Fibre Channel Security Association Management Protocol
This document describes the use of IKEv2 to negotiate security protocols and transforms for Fibre Channel as part of the Fibre Channel Security Association Management Protocol. This usage requires that IKEv2 be extended with Fibre-Channel-specific security protocols, transforms, and name types. This document specifies these IKEv2 extensions and allocates identifiers for them. Using new IKEv2 identifiers for Fibre Channel security protocols avoids any possible confusion between IKEv2 negotiation for IP networks and IKEv2 negotiation for Fibre Channel. This memo provides information for the Internet community.
RFC4594 - Configuration Guidelines for DiffServ Service Classes
This document describes service classes configured with Diffserv and recommends how they can be used and how to construct them using Differentiated Services Code Points (DSCPs), traffic conditioners, Per-Hop Behaviors (PHBs), and Active Queue Management (AQM) mechanisms. There is no intrinsic requirement that particular DSCPs, traffic conditioners, PHBs, and AQM be used for a certain service class, but as a policy and for interoperability it is useful to apply them consistently. This memo provides information for the Internet community.
RFC4593 - Generic Threats to Routing Protocols
Routing protocols are subject to attacks that can harm individual users or network operations as a whole. This document provides a description and a summary of generic threats that affect routing protocols in general. This work describes threats, including threat sources and capabilities, threat actions, and threat consequences, as well as a breakdown of routing functions that might be attacked separately. This memo provides information for the Internet community.
RFC4592 - The Role of Wildcards in the Domain Name System
This is an update to the wildcard definition of RFC 1034. The interaction with wildcards and CNAME is changed, an error condition is removed, and the words defining some concepts central to wildcards are changed. The overall goal is not to change wildcards, but to refine the definition of RFC 1034. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
RFC4591 - Frame Relay over Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol Version 3 (L2TPv3)
The Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol, Version 3, (L2TPv3) defines a protocol for tunneling a variety of data link protocols over IP networks. This document describes the specifics of how to tunnel Frame Relay over L2TPv3, including frame encapsulation, virtual-circuit creation and deletion, and status change notification. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
RFC4590 - RADIUS Extension for Digest Authentication
This document defines an extension to the Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS) protocol to enable support of Digest Authentication, for use with HTTP-style protocols like the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) and HTTP. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
RFC4589 - Location Types Registry
This document creates a registry for describing the types of places a human or end system might be found. The registry is then referenced by other protocols that need a common set of location terms as protocol constants. Examples of location terms defined in this document include aircraft, office, and train station. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
RFC4588 - RTP Retransmission Payload Format
RTP retransmission is an effective packet loss recovery technique for real-time applications with relaxed delay bounds. This document describes an RTP payload format for performing retransmissions. Retransmitted RTP packets are sent in a separate stream from the original RTP stream. It is assumed that feedback from receivers to senders is available. In particular, it is assumed that Real-time Transport Control Protocol (RTCP) feedback as defined in the extended RTP profile for RTCP-based feedback (denoted RTP/AVPF) is available in this memo. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
RFC4587 - RTP Payload Format for H.261 Video Streams
This memo describes a scheme to packetize an H.261 video stream for transport using the Real-time Transport Protocol, RTP, with any of the underlying protocols that carry RTP.
RFC4586 - Extended RTP Profile for Real-time Transport Control Protocol (RTCP)-Based Feedback: Results of the Timing Rule Simulations
This document describes the results achieved when simulating the timing rules of the Extended RTP Profile for Real-time Transport Control Protocol (RTCP)-Based Feedback, denoted AVPF. Unicast and multicast topologies are considered as well as several protocol and environment configurations. The results show that the timing rules result in better performance regarding feedback delay and still preserve the well-accepted RTP rules regarding allowed bit rates for control traffic. This memo provides information for the Internet community.
RFC4585 - Extended RTP Profile for Real-time Transport Control Protocol (RTCP)-Based Feedback (RTP/AVPF)
Real-time media streams that use RTP are, to some degree, resilient against packet losses. Receivers may use the base mechanisms of the Real-time Transport Control Protocol (RTCP) to report packet reception statistics and thus allow a sender to adapt its transmission behavior in the mid-term. This is the sole means for feedback and feedback-based error repair (besides a few codec-specific mechanisms). This document defines an extension to the Audio-visual Profile (AVP) that enables receivers to provide, statistically, more immediate feedback to the senders and thus allows for short-term adaptation and efficient feedback-based repair mechanisms to be implemented. This early feedback profile (AVPF) maintains the AVP bandwidth constraints for RTCP and preserves scalability to large groups. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
RFC4584 - Extension to Sockets API for Mobile IPv6
This document describes data structures and API support for Mobile IPv6 as an extension to the Advanced Socket API for IPv6.
RFC4583 - Session Description Protocol (SDP) Format for Binary Floor Control Protocol (BFCP) Streams
This document specifies how to describe Binary Floor Control Protocol (BFCP) streams in Session Description Protocol (SDP) descriptions. User agents using the offer/answer model to establish BFCP streams use this format in their offers and answers. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
RFC4582 - The Binary Floor Control Protocol (BFCP)
Floor control is a means to manage joint or exclusive access to shared resources in a (multiparty) conferencing environment. Thereby, floor control complements other functions -- such as conference and media session setup, conference policy manipulation, and media control -- that are realized by other protocols.
RFC4581 - Cryptographically Generated Addresses (CGA) Extension Field Format
This document defines a Type-Length-Value format for Cryptographically Generated Address (CGA) Extensions. This document updates RFC 3972. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
RFC4580 - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6 (DHCPv6) Relay Agent Subscriber-ID Option
This memo defines a new Relay Agent Subscriber-ID option for the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6 (DHCPv6). The option allows a DHCPv6 relay agent to associate a stable "Subscriber-ID" with DHCPv6 client messages in a way that is independent of the client and of the underlying physical network infrastructure. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
RFC4579 - Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Call Control - Conferencing for User Agents
This specification defines conferencing call control features for the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). This document builds on the Conferencing Requirements and Framework documents to define how a tightly coupled SIP conference works. The approach is explored from the perspective of different user agent (UA) types: conference-unaware, conference-aware, and focus UAs. The use of Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs) in conferencing, OPTIONS for capabilities discovery, and call control using REFER are covered in detail with example call flow diagrams. The usage of the isfocus feature tag is defined. This document specifies an Internet Best Current Practices for the Internet Community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements.
RFC4578 - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Options for the Intel Preboot eXecution Environment (PXE)
We define Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) options being used by Preboot eXecution Environment (PXE) and Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI) clients to uniquely identify booting client machines and their pre-OS runtime environment so that the DHCP and/or PXE boot server can return the correct OS bootstrap image (or pre-boot application) name and server to the client. This memo provides information for the Internet community.
RFC4577 - OSPF as the Provider/Customer Edge Protocol for BGP/MPLS IP Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)
Many Service Providers offer Virtual Private Network (VPN) services to their customers, using a technique in which customer edge routers (CE routers) are routing peers of provider edge routers (PE routers). The Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is used to distribute the customer's routes across the provider's IP backbone network, and Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) is used to tunnel customer packets across the provider's backbone. This is known as a "BGP/MPLS IP VPN". The base specification for BGP/MPLS IP VPNs presumes that the routing protocol on the interface between a PE router and a CE router is BGP. This document extends that specification by allowing the routing protocol on the PE/CE interface to be the Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) protocol.
RFC4576 - Using a Link State Advertisement (LSA) Options Bit to Prevent Looping in BGP/MPLS IP Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)
This document specifies a procedure that deals with a particular issue that may arise when a Service Provider (SP) provides "BGP/MPLS IP VPN" service to a customer and the customer uses OSPFv2 to advertise its routes to the SP. In this situation, a Customer Edge (CE) Router and a Provider Edge (PE) Router are OSPF peers, and customer routes are sent via OSPFv2 from the CE to the PE. The customer routes are converted into BGP routes, and BGP carries them across the backbone to other PE routers. The routes are then converted back to OSPF routes sent via OSPF to other CE routers. As a result of this conversion, some of the information needed to prevent loops may be lost. A procedure is needed to ensure that once a route is sent from a PE to a CE, the route will be ignored by any PE that receives it back from a CE. This document specifies the necessary procedure, using one of the options bits in the LSA (Link State Advertisements) to indicate that an LSA has already been forwarded by a PE and should be ignored by any other PEs that see it. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
RFC4575 - A Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Event Package for Conference State
This document defines a conference event package for tightly coupled conferences using the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) events framework, along with a data format used in notifications for this package. The conference package allows users to subscribe to a conference Uniform Resource Identifier (URI). Notifications are sent about changes in the membership of this conference and optionally about changes in the state of additional conference components. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
RFC4574 - The Session Description Protocol (SDP) Label Attribute
This document defines a new Session Description Protocol (SDP) media-level attribute: "label". The "label" attribute carries a pointer to a media stream in the context of an arbitrary network application that uses SDP. The sender of the SDP document can attach the "label" attribute to a particular media stream or streams. The application can then use the provided pointer to refer to each particular media stream in its context. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
RFC4573 - MIME Type Registration for RTP Payload Format for H.224
In conversational video applications, far-end camera control protocol is used by participants to control the remote camera. The protocol that is commonly used is ITU H.281 over H.224. The document registers the H224 media type. It defines the syntax and the semantics of the Session Description Protocol (SDP) parameters needed to support far-end camera control protocol using H.224. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
RFC4572 - Connection-Oriented Media Transport over the Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol in the Session Description Protocol (SDP)
This document specifies how to establish secure connection-oriented media transport sessions over the Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol using the Session Description Protocol (SDP). It defines a new SDP protocol identifier, 'TCP/TLS'. It also defines the syntax and semantics for an SDP 'fingerprint' attribute that identifies the certificate that will be presented for the TLS session. This mechanism allows media transport over TLS connections to be established securely, so long as the integrity of session descriptions is assured.
RFC4571 - Framing Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) and RTP Control Protocol (RTCP) Packets over Connection-Oriented Transport
This memo defines a method for framing Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) and RTP Control Protocol (RTCP) packets onto connection-oriented transport (such as TCP). The memo also defines how session descriptions may specify RTP streams that use the framing method. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
RFC4570 - Session Description Protocol (SDP) Source Filters
This document describes how to adapt the Session Description Protocol (SDP) to express one or more source addresses as a source filter for one or more destination "connection" addresses. It defines the syntax and semantics for an SDP "source-filter" attribute that may reference either IPv4 or IPv6 address(es) as either an inclusive or exclusive source list for either multicast or unicast destinations. In particular, an inclusive source-filter can be used to specify a Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) session. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
RFC4569 - Internet Assigned Number Authority (IANA) Registration of the Message Media Feature Tag
This document registers with the IANA a new media feature tag associated with the 'message' media type. This media feature tag indicates that a particular device supports 'message' as a streaming media type. Media feature tags can be used to route calls to devices that support certain features. This memo provides information for the Internet community.
RFC4568 - Session Description Protocol (SDP) Security Descriptions for Media Streams
This document defines a Session Description Protocol (SDP) cryptographic attribute for unicast media streams. The attribute describes a cryptographic key and other parameters that serve to configure security for a unicast media stream in either a single message or a roundtrip exchange. The attribute can be used with a variety of SDP media transports, and this document defines how to use it for the Secure Real-time Transport Protocol (SRTP) unicast media streams. The SDP crypto attribute requires the services of a data security protocol to secure the SDP message. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
RFC4567 - Key Management Extensions for Session Description Protocol (SDP) and Real Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP)
This document defines general extensions for Session Description Protocol (SDP) and Real Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP) to carry messages, as specified by a key management protocol, in order to secure the media. These extensions are presented as a framework, to be used by one or more key management protocols. As such, their use is meaningful only when complemented by an appropriate key management protocol.
RFC4566 - SDP: Session Description Protocol
This memo defines the Session Description Protocol (SDP). SDP is intended for describing multimedia sessions for the purposes of session announcement, session invitation, and other forms of multimedia session initiation. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
This document describes a Uniform Resource Name (URN) namespace that is engineered by a consortium (general contractor, Olimps LTD, and subcontractors, ABC software LTD, Microsoft Latvia LTD, Riga Internet eXchange (RIX) Technologies LTD, and Microlink LTD) for naming information resources published and produced by the Latvian National Government Integration Project (Latvian abbreviation IVIS). This memo provides information for the Internet community.
RFC4616 - The PLAIN Simple Authentication and Security Layer (SASL) Mechanism
This document defines a simple clear-text user/password Simple Authentication and Security Layer (SASL) mechanism called the PLAIN mechanism. The PLAIN mechanism is intended to be used, in combination with data confidentiality services provided by a lower layer, in protocols that lack a simple password authentication command. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
RFC4615 - The Advanced Encryption Standard-Cipher-based Message Authentication Code-Pseudo-Random Function-128 (AES-CMAC-PRF-128) Algorithm for the Internet Key Exchange Protocol (IKE)
Some implementations of IP Security (IPsec) may want to use a pseudo-random function (PRF) based on the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). This memo describes such an algorithm, called AES-CMAC-PRF-128. It supports fixed and variable key sizes. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
RFC4614 - A Roadmap for Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Specification Documents
This document contains a "roadmap" to the Requests for Comments (RFC) documents relating to the Internet's Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). This roadmap provides a brief summary of the documents defining TCP and various TCP extensions that have accumulated in the RFC series. This serves as a guide and quick reference for both TCP implementers and other parties who desire information contained in the TCP-related RFCs. This memo provides information for the Internet community.
RFC4613 - Media Type Registrations for Downloadable Sounds for Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI)
This document serves to register a media type for Downloadable Sounds. This memo provides information for the Internet community.
RFC4612 - Real-Time Facsimile (T.38) - audio/t38 MIME Sub-type Registration
This document defines the MIME sub-type audio/t38. The usage of this MIME type, which is intended for use within Session Description Protocol (SDP), is specified within ITU-T Recommendation T.38. This memo defines a Historic Document for the Internet community.
RFC4611 - Multicast Source Discovery Protocol (MSDP) Deployment Scenarios
This document describes best current practices for intra-domain and inter-domain deployment of the Multicast Source Discovery Protocol (MSDP) in conjunction with Protocol Independent Multicast Sparse Mode (PIM-SM). This document specifies an Internet Best Current Practices for the Internet Community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements.
RFC4610 - Anycast-RP Using Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM)
This specification allows Anycast-RP (Rendezvous Point) to be used inside a domain that runs Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) only. Other multicast protocols (such as Multicast Source Discovery Protocol (MSDP), which has been used traditionally to solve this problem) are not required to support Anycast-RP. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
RFC4609 - Protocol Independent Multicast - Sparse Mode (PIM-SM) Multicast Routing Security Issues and Enhancements
This memo describes security threats for the larger (intra-domain or inter-domain) multicast routing infrastructures. Only Protocol Independent Multicast - Sparse Mode (PIM-SM) is analyzed, in its three main operational modes: the traditional Any-Source Multicast (ASM) model, the source-specific multicast (SSM) model, and the ASM model enhanced by the Embedded Rendezvous Point (Embedded-RP) group-to-RP mapping mechanism. This memo also describes enhancements to the protocol operations that mitigate the identified threats. This memo provides information for the Internet community.
RFC4608 - Source-Specific Protocol Independent Multicast in 232/8
IP Multicast group addresses in the 232/8 (232.0.0.0 to 232.255.255.255) range are designated as source-specific multicast destination addresses and are reserved for use by source-specific multicast applications and protocols. This document defines operational recommendations to ensure source-specific behavior within the 232/8 range. This document specifies an Internet Best Current Practices for the Internet Community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements.
RFC4607 - Source-Specific Multicast for IP
IP version 4 (IPv4) addresses in the 232/8 (232.0.0.0 to 232.255.255.255) range are designated as source-specific multicast (SSM) destination addresses and are reserved for use by source-specific applications and protocols. For IP version 6 (IPv6), the address prefix FF3x::/32 is reserved for source-specific multicast use. This document defines an extension to the Internet network service that applies to datagrams sent to SSM addresses and defines the host and router requirements to support this extension. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
RFC4606 - Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) Extensions for Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) and Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) Control
This document provides minor clarification to RFC 3946.
RFC4605 - Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) / Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD)-Based Multicast Forwarding ("IGMP/MLD Proxying")
In certain topologies, it is not necessary to run a multicast routing protocol. It is sufficient for a device to learn and proxy group membership information and simply forward multicast packets based upon that information. This document describes a mechanism for forwarding based solely upon Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) or Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) membership information. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
RFC4604 - Using Internet Group Management Protocol Version 3 (IGMPv3) and Multicast Listener Discovery Protocol Version 2 (MLDv2) for Source-Specific Multicast
The Internet Group Management Protocol Version 3 (IGMPv3) and the Multicast Listener Discovery Protocol Version 2 (MLDv2) are protocols that allow a host to inform its neighboring routers of its desire to receive IPv4 and IPv6 multicast transmissions, respectively. Source-specific multicast (SSM) is a form of multicast in which a receiver is required to specify both the network-layer address of the source and the multicast destination address in order to receive the multicast transmission. This document defines the notion of an "SSM-aware" router and host, and clarifies and (in some cases) modifies the behavior of IGMPv3 and MLDv2 on SSM-aware routers and hosts to accommodate source-specific multicast. This document updates the IGMPv3 and MLDv2 specifications. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
RFC4603 - Additional Values for the NAS-Port-Type Attribute
This document defines a set of values for the NAS-Port-Type RADIUS Attribute. This memo provides information for the Internet community.
RFC4602 - Protocol Independent Multicast - Sparse Mode (PIM-SM) IETF Proposed Standard Requirements Analysis
This document provides supporting documentation to advance the Protocol Independent Multicast - Sparse Mode (PIM-SM) routing protocol from IETF Experimental status to Proposed Standard. This memo provides information for the Internet community.
RFC4601 - Protocol Independent Multicast - Sparse Mode (PIM-SM): Protocol Specification (Revised)
This document specifies Protocol Independent Multicast - Sparse Mode (PIM-SM). PIM-SM is a multicast routing protocol that can use the underlying unicast routing information base or a separate multicast-capable routing information base. It builds unidirectional shared trees rooted at a Rendezvous Point (RP) per group, and optionally creates shortest-path trees per source.
RFC4598 - Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) Payload Format for Enhanced AC-3 (E-AC-3) Audio
This document describes a Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) payload format for transporting Enhanced AC-3 (E-AC-3) encoded audio data. E-AC-3 is a high-quality, multichannel audio coding format and is an extension of the AC-3 audio coding format, which is used in US High-Definition Television (HDTV), DVD, cable and satellite television, and other media. E-AC-3 is an optional audio format in US and world wide digital television and high-definition DVD formats. The RTP payload format as presented in this document includes support for data fragmentation. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
RFC4597 - Conferencing Scenarios
This document describes multimedia conferencing scenarios. It describes both basic and advanced conferencing scenarios involving voice, video, text, and interactive text sessions. These scenarios will help with the definition and evaluation of the protocols being developed in the centralized conferencing XCON working group. This memo provides information for the Internet community.
RFC4596 - Guidelines for Usage of the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Caller Preferences Extension
This document contains guidelines for usage of the Caller Preferences Extension to the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). It demonstrates the benefits of caller preferences with specific example applications, provides use cases to show proper operation, provides guidance on the applicability of the registered feature tags, and describes a straightforward implementation of the preference and capability matching algorithm specified in Section 7.2 of RFC 3841. This memo provides information for the Internet community.
RFC4595 - Use of IKEv2 in the Fibre Channel Security Association Management Protocol
This document describes the use of IKEv2 to negotiate security protocols and transforms for Fibre Channel as part of the Fibre Channel Security Association Management Protocol. This usage requires that IKEv2 be extended with Fibre-Channel-specific security protocols, transforms, and name types. This document specifies these IKEv2 extensions and allocates identifiers for them. Using new IKEv2 identifiers for Fibre Channel security protocols avoids any possible confusion between IKEv2 negotiation for IP networks and IKEv2 negotiation for Fibre Channel. This memo provides information for the Internet community.
RFC4594 - Configuration Guidelines for DiffServ Service Classes
This document describes service classes configured with Diffserv and recommends how they can be used and how to construct them using Differentiated Services Code Points (DSCPs), traffic conditioners, Per-Hop Behaviors (PHBs), and Active Queue Management (AQM) mechanisms. There is no intrinsic requirement that particular DSCPs, traffic conditioners, PHBs, and AQM be used for a certain service class, but as a policy and for interoperability it is useful to apply them consistently. This memo provides information for the Internet community.
RFC4593 - Generic Threats to Routing Protocols
Routing protocols are subject to attacks that can harm individual users or network operations as a whole. This document provides a description and a summary of generic threats that affect routing protocols in general. This work describes threats, including threat sources and capabilities, threat actions, and threat consequences, as well as a breakdown of routing functions that might be attacked separately. This memo provides information for the Internet community.
RFC4592 - The Role of Wildcards in the Domain Name System
This is an update to the wildcard definition of RFC 1034. The interaction with wildcards and CNAME is changed, an error condition is removed, and the words defining some concepts central to wildcards are changed. The overall goal is not to change wildcards, but to refine the definition of RFC 1034. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
RFC4591 - Frame Relay over Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol Version 3 (L2TPv3)
The Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol, Version 3, (L2TPv3) defines a protocol for tunneling a variety of data link protocols over IP networks. This document describes the specifics of how to tunnel Frame Relay over L2TPv3, including frame encapsulation, virtual-circuit creation and deletion, and status change notification. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
RFC4590 - RADIUS Extension for Digest Authentication
This document defines an extension to the Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS) protocol to enable support of Digest Authentication, for use with HTTP-style protocols like the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) and HTTP. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
RFC4589 - Location Types Registry
This document creates a registry for describing the types of places a human or end system might be found. The registry is then referenced by other protocols that need a common set of location terms as protocol constants. Examples of location terms defined in this document include aircraft, office, and train station. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
RFC4588 - RTP Retransmission Payload Format
RTP retransmission is an effective packet loss recovery technique for real-time applications with relaxed delay bounds. This document describes an RTP payload format for performing retransmissions. Retransmitted RTP packets are sent in a separate stream from the original RTP stream. It is assumed that feedback from receivers to senders is available. In particular, it is assumed that Real-time Transport Control Protocol (RTCP) feedback as defined in the extended RTP profile for RTCP-based feedback (denoted RTP/AVPF) is available in this memo. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
RFC4587 - RTP Payload Format for H.261 Video Streams
This memo describes a scheme to packetize an H.261 video stream for transport using the Real-time Transport Protocol, RTP, with any of the underlying protocols that carry RTP.
RFC4586 - Extended RTP Profile for Real-time Transport Control Protocol (RTCP)-Based Feedback: Results of the Timing Rule Simulations
This document describes the results achieved when simulating the timing rules of the Extended RTP Profile for Real-time Transport Control Protocol (RTCP)-Based Feedback, denoted AVPF. Unicast and multicast topologies are considered as well as several protocol and environment configurations. The results show that the timing rules result in better performance regarding feedback delay and still preserve the well-accepted RTP rules regarding allowed bit rates for control traffic. This memo provides information for the Internet community.
RFC4585 - Extended RTP Profile for Real-time Transport Control Protocol (RTCP)-Based Feedback (RTP/AVPF)
Real-time media streams that use RTP are, to some degree, resilient against packet losses. Receivers may use the base mechanisms of the Real-time Transport Control Protocol (RTCP) to report packet reception statistics and thus allow a sender to adapt its transmission behavior in the mid-term. This is the sole means for feedback and feedback-based error repair (besides a few codec-specific mechanisms). This document defines an extension to the Audio-visual Profile (AVP) that enables receivers to provide, statistically, more immediate feedback to the senders and thus allows for short-term adaptation and efficient feedback-based repair mechanisms to be implemented. This early feedback profile (AVPF) maintains the AVP bandwidth constraints for RTCP and preserves scalability to large groups. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
RFC4584 - Extension to Sockets API for Mobile IPv6
This document describes data structures and API support for Mobile IPv6 as an extension to the Advanced Socket API for IPv6.
RFC4583 - Session Description Protocol (SDP) Format for Binary Floor Control Protocol (BFCP) Streams
This document specifies how to describe Binary Floor Control Protocol (BFCP) streams in Session Description Protocol (SDP) descriptions. User agents using the offer/answer model to establish BFCP streams use this format in their offers and answers. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
RFC4582 - The Binary Floor Control Protocol (BFCP)
Floor control is a means to manage joint or exclusive access to shared resources in a (multiparty) conferencing environment. Thereby, floor control complements other functions -- such as conference and media session setup, conference policy manipulation, and media control -- that are realized by other protocols.
RFC4581 - Cryptographically Generated Addresses (CGA) Extension Field Format
This document defines a Type-Length-Value format for Cryptographically Generated Address (CGA) Extensions. This document updates RFC 3972. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
RFC4580 - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6 (DHCPv6) Relay Agent Subscriber-ID Option
This memo defines a new Relay Agent Subscriber-ID option for the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6 (DHCPv6). The option allows a DHCPv6 relay agent to associate a stable "Subscriber-ID" with DHCPv6 client messages in a way that is independent of the client and of the underlying physical network infrastructure. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
RFC4579 - Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Call Control - Conferencing for User Agents
This specification defines conferencing call control features for the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). This document builds on the Conferencing Requirements and Framework documents to define how a tightly coupled SIP conference works. The approach is explored from the perspective of different user agent (UA) types: conference-unaware, conference-aware, and focus UAs. The use of Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs) in conferencing, OPTIONS for capabilities discovery, and call control using REFER are covered in detail with example call flow diagrams. The usage of the isfocus feature tag is defined. This document specifies an Internet Best Current Practices for the Internet Community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements.
RFC4578 - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Options for the Intel Preboot eXecution Environment (PXE)
We define Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) options being used by Preboot eXecution Environment (PXE) and Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI) clients to uniquely identify booting client machines and their pre-OS runtime environment so that the DHCP and/or PXE boot server can return the correct OS bootstrap image (or pre-boot application) name and server to the client. This memo provides information for the Internet community.
RFC4577 - OSPF as the Provider/Customer Edge Protocol for BGP/MPLS IP Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)
Many Service Providers offer Virtual Private Network (VPN) services to their customers, using a technique in which customer edge routers (CE routers) are routing peers of provider edge routers (PE routers). The Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is used to distribute the customer's routes across the provider's IP backbone network, and Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) is used to tunnel customer packets across the provider's backbone. This is known as a "BGP/MPLS IP VPN". The base specification for BGP/MPLS IP VPNs presumes that the routing protocol on the interface between a PE router and a CE router is BGP. This document extends that specification by allowing the routing protocol on the PE/CE interface to be the Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) protocol.
RFC4576 - Using a Link State Advertisement (LSA) Options Bit to Prevent Looping in BGP/MPLS IP Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)
This document specifies a procedure that deals with a particular issue that may arise when a Service Provider (SP) provides "BGP/MPLS IP VPN" service to a customer and the customer uses OSPFv2 to advertise its routes to the SP. In this situation, a Customer Edge (CE) Router and a Provider Edge (PE) Router are OSPF peers, and customer routes are sent via OSPFv2 from the CE to the PE. The customer routes are converted into BGP routes, and BGP carries them across the backbone to other PE routers. The routes are then converted back to OSPF routes sent via OSPF to other CE routers. As a result of this conversion, some of the information needed to prevent loops may be lost. A procedure is needed to ensure that once a route is sent from a PE to a CE, the route will be ignored by any PE that receives it back from a CE. This document specifies the necessary procedure, using one of the options bits in the LSA (Link State Advertisements) to indicate that an LSA has already been forwarded by a PE and should be ignored by any other PEs that see it. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
RFC4575 - A Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Event Package for Conference State
This document defines a conference event package for tightly coupled conferences using the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) events framework, along with a data format used in notifications for this package. The conference package allows users to subscribe to a conference Uniform Resource Identifier (URI). Notifications are sent about changes in the membership of this conference and optionally about changes in the state of additional conference components. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
RFC4574 - The Session Description Protocol (SDP) Label Attribute
This document defines a new Session Description Protocol (SDP) media-level attribute: "label". The "label" attribute carries a pointer to a media stream in the context of an arbitrary network application that uses SDP. The sender of the SDP document can attach the "label" attribute to a particular media stream or streams. The application can then use the provided pointer to refer to each particular media stream in its context. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
RFC4573 - MIME Type Registration for RTP Payload Format for H.224
In conversational video applications, far-end camera control protocol is used by participants to control the remote camera. The protocol that is commonly used is ITU H.281 over H.224. The document registers the H224 media type. It defines the syntax and the semantics of the Session Description Protocol (SDP) parameters needed to support far-end camera control protocol using H.224. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
RFC4572 - Connection-Oriented Media Transport over the Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol in the Session Description Protocol (SDP)
This document specifies how to establish secure connection-oriented media transport sessions over the Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol using the Session Description Protocol (SDP). It defines a new SDP protocol identifier, 'TCP/TLS'. It also defines the syntax and semantics for an SDP 'fingerprint' attribute that identifies the certificate that will be presented for the TLS session. This mechanism allows media transport over TLS connections to be established securely, so long as the integrity of session descriptions is assured.
RFC4571 - Framing Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) and RTP Control Protocol (RTCP) Packets over Connection-Oriented Transport
This memo defines a method for framing Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) and RTP Control Protocol (RTCP) packets onto connection-oriented transport (such as TCP). The memo also defines how session descriptions may specify RTP streams that use the framing method. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
RFC4570 - Session Description Protocol (SDP) Source Filters
This document describes how to adapt the Session Description Protocol (SDP) to express one or more source addresses as a source filter for one or more destination "connection" addresses. It defines the syntax and semantics for an SDP "source-filter" attribute that may reference either IPv4 or IPv6 address(es) as either an inclusive or exclusive source list for either multicast or unicast destinations. In particular, an inclusive source-filter can be used to specify a Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) session. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
RFC4569 - Internet Assigned Number Authority (IANA) Registration of the Message Media Feature Tag
This document registers with the IANA a new media feature tag associated with the 'message' media type. This media feature tag indicates that a particular device supports 'message' as a streaming media type. Media feature tags can be used to route calls to devices that support certain features. This memo provides information for the Internet community.
RFC4568 - Session Description Protocol (SDP) Security Descriptions for Media Streams
This document defines a Session Description Protocol (SDP) cryptographic attribute for unicast media streams. The attribute describes a cryptographic key and other parameters that serve to configure security for a unicast media stream in either a single message or a roundtrip exchange. The attribute can be used with a variety of SDP media transports, and this document defines how to use it for the Secure Real-time Transport Protocol (SRTP) unicast media streams. The SDP crypto attribute requires the services of a data security protocol to secure the SDP message. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
RFC4567 - Key Management Extensions for Session Description Protocol (SDP) and Real Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP)
This document defines general extensions for Session Description Protocol (SDP) and Real Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP) to carry messages, as specified by a key management protocol, in order to secure the media. These extensions are presented as a framework, to be used by one or more key management protocols. As such, their use is meaningful only when complemented by an appropriate key management protocol.
RFC4566 - SDP: Session Description Protocol
This memo defines the Session Description Protocol (SDP). SDP is intended for describing multimedia sessions for the purposes of session announcement, session invitation, and other forms of multimedia session initiation. [STANDARDS-TRACK]